ARCHAEOLOGY

Near Oaxaca City you can visit ancient ceremonial centers of the Zapotecs and Mixtecs, the people that inhabited the territory of present-day Oaxaca during the pre-Hispanic era. Among the most important sites are:

Monte Alban – Located 10 km (6 mi) southwest of Oaxaca City off the state highway. This was the most important pre-Hispanic capital in the Oaxaca Valley region during the classical period (400—800 AD), when it was inhabited by the Zapotecs. The area was abandoned in 800 AD and later became occupied by the Mixtecs during the postclassical period (1,300—1521 AD). The Mixtecs used some of the existing constructions as tombs for their rulers. Among the most important constructions at this site are: la Gran Plaza, which is surrounded by various structures that have been identified as rooms, burial sites and tombs; el Juego de la Pelota; el Edificio de los Danzantes; el Palacio; Plataforma Sur and Tumba 7, where a remarkable treasure was discovered that is currently on display at the Oaxaca Museum of Culture. Other significant structures include buildings J, G, H and I, where it is believed that astronomy was practiced. Because of its important cultural development and its monumental architecture, the UNESCO declared this archaeological zone a World Heritage Site in 1987. Open Tuesday through Sunday from 10:00 to 5:00.

Mitla – Located 48 km (30 mi) southeast of Oaxaca City off Federal Highway 190. This place was one of the most important Zapotec ceremonial centers. It reached its height in 1200 AD when the Mixtecs moved in and built some of the most important structures. Among those is the Grupo de las Columnas, where you’ll find the Gran Plaza de Pezelao, one of the most beautiful architectural complexes of Mesoamerica. This construction has multiple frets, an identifying characteristic of Mixtec architecture. Open daily from 10:00 to 5:00.

Dainzu – Located 20 km (12 mi) southeast of Oaxaca City along Highway 190 in the direction of Istmo de Tehuantepec. The name of this ancient Zapotec ceremonial center means Organ Hill. It was inhabited from 600 – 1200 AD. The architectural complex includes three edifices linked by stairs, terraces, courtyards and rooms. One of the more interesting sights to see here are carvings that depict the violent activities of a ball game.

Lambityeco – Located 28 km (17 mi) southeast of Oaxaca City of Highway 190. This site of Zapotec influence reached its height between 700 – 750 AD. Its principal structures are the Palacio de los Caciques, a tomb where the late rulers were buried, and the Palacio de los Sacerdotes, where you can see two large stucco masks with the image of Cocijo, the Zapotec rain god. Open Tuesday through Sunday from 10:00 to 5:00.

Yagul – Located 36 km (22 mi) southeast of Oaxaca City off Highway 190 in the direction of the Istmo de Tehuatepec. This urban center reached its height in 800 AD. It was one of the most important Zapotec capitals. Here you’ll see numerous courtyards, rooms and tombs laid out on a large platform. You’ll also get a look at the remains of the Palacio de los Seis Patios and the Juego de Pelota, considered the largest ball court in the Oaxaca region and the second largest of Mesoamerica. Open Tuesday through Sunday from 10:00 to 5:00.